rigoberto tiglao biography

His lifestyle in Athens was not at all luxurious, as Valencia alleged. [5]:153 They also noted that some members of the public tend to dismiss fact-checks done by traditional journalists because of people and columnists like Tiglao, who for example tags fact-checkers like Vera Files as "a CIA-funded outfit". Living in Austria for more than three decades, I am aware of the internal politics within some member states of the European Union. She is out to build a real strong state and a strong sense of nationalism. Manila Times columnist Rigoberto Tiglao accused Rappler of publishing wrong data on the number of Filipinos killed in the Philippine National Police's (PNP) war on drugs. In other words, I identify with all what you have specified in this article and salute you for publishing them! Aside from these, the Palace chief of staff reviews the documents intended for the President, advocates for their strategic policies and programs, and builds bridges with "critical stakeholders" that include the Cabinet, judiciary, and lobbyists. Rigoberto Tiglao strikes again. FACT 3. At worst, these same truths will continue to haunt a country, a divided nation that can never truly march forward to progress. (Though we must confess that even when the Soviet Union was at its most virulent, we never stopped eating red apples because they shared a color scheme with the Soviet flag. The Asia Foundation for the project Reporting on Persons with Disabilities, 9. It has been over a decade since a Philippine president visited the White House in Washington, DC. Add your comment to start the conversation. ", "NUJP calls out Tiglao's 'malicious, irresponsible' red-tagging of journalists", "Tiglao falsely claims Philstar 'wrong' on Robredo topping Google search", "VERA FILES FACT CHECK: Columnist Tiglao falsely claims Palimbang massacre is 'fake', "1,500 Moro massacre victims during Martial Law honored", "MSSD joins 47th commemoration of Palimbang Massacre, distributes relief assistance to survivors | Ministry of Social Services and Development - BARMM", "Press secretary marries long-time girlfriend", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rigoberto_Tiglao&oldid=1150635010, In March 2015, Tiglao made the claim that the, In March 2017, Tiglao was called out by the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism for claiming that a story they ran on Arthur Lascaas was false and managed by Senator, In April 2018, Tiglao claimed that then vice president, Shortly after, Tiglao published a column insinuating that Robredo was having an affair with lawmaker Jorge Banal. 4.8 4.8 out of 5 stars (27) Paperback. Business editor and columnist of the Manila Chronicle, 1986 to 1989. Sign in to listen to groundbreaking journalism. Perhaps he might also want to readRed Famine, Stalins War on Ukraine,a brilliant new book reporting on the Soviet-induced famine that starved almost 4 million Ukrainians to death. With your meaningful insights, help shape the stories that can shape the country. This vision has to be articulated and repeated.[18], He was eventually appointed by Pres. I am hoping to could get your opinion concerning our study entitled The Effect of a Two-Term Presidency to the Performance of the Philippines. I prepared few questions regarding the matter, Im kindly asking permission if I can send it to you through this email. I will leave these issues at this point because otherwise it will be too long. [19], Tiglao was awarded the Best News Reporter by the Catholic Mass Media Awards in 1983. Help us improve our Author Pages by updating your bibliography and submitting a new or current image and biography. Tiglao, who is now a columnist of The Manila Times (he also used to write a column in The Philippine Daily Inquirer), ends every chapter of his book with the question, "What kind of country have we become?" It's question that many of us are asking. For International Book Orders buy from Amazon. Historically, Chinese leaders have not started wars to divert attention from domestic challenges, and they continue to favor using measures short of conflict to achieve their objectives., She emphasized though: If Western policymakers exaggerate the risk of a Chinese invasion of Taiwan, they might inadvertently create a self-fulfilling prophecy The United States should focus on arresting or at least decelerating the action-reaction spiral that has steadily ratcheted up tensions and made a crisis more likely.. . He previously served as Presidential Spokesperson and Chief of Staff, then ambassador to Cyprus and Greece during the administration of former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. After all, whats the use of generals without a war, or even in the case of our generals, war games? In fact, the government accepts grants from various donors, and not only from the well-known institutions such as the US Agency for International Development (USAID), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the European Union (the largest donor of development aid in the world), and Australian Aid (AusAid). The article says it all: Dont Panic About Taiwan. However, its drophead is a worrisome warning: Alarm Over a Chinese Invasion Could Become a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy., Weiss wrote: Fears that China will soon invade Taiwan are overblown. IT was 10 years ago this month that a very serious conflict dubbed the Scarborough Standoff broke out between China and the Philippines. Tiglao declined to comment, stating that the matter was sensitive, and that he was on leave. British Embassy Manila, 7. BantayKrimen.com, a database maintained by the PNP which documents individual crime incidents, does not even have a DUI category. Does the Philippine Constitution prohibit media organizations from receiving foreign grants? PHILIPPINE and US defense officials propaganda is that the sites that US military forces will be using for war mobilization under the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) are military camps. This Philippines-related article is a stub. 6th Floor Universal Re Bldg., 106 Paseo De Roxas cor. He worked as a columnist reporter at the Sunstar Davao local newspaper in 2010. I take pride of being a Filipino and enormously proud of my people! His answer floored me: "It's obvious I'm busy with other duties." On August 27, 1952, he was in the Philippines. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Today (Monday), 33 years since the February 1986 People Power Revolt, the Philippines marks again the bloodless uprising that marked the end of the Marcos administration, sans genuine transformation and perhaps with even greater disillusionment after two Aquino presidencies. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Ateneo de Manila and the University of the Philippines, Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy, Birth: August 27, 1952 Widower of Raquel Edralin-Tiglao Children: Andrea Raquel, Alexandro Kalayaan, and Ben Siddharta. [3][4][5][6], Tiglao was an activist during the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos. For Tiglao, it was clear: It was Marcos who gave the categorical order that made it impossible for the military to hurt the protesters in EDSA. He was a damn good business writer and proved this by eventually getting the coveted job of Manila bureau chief for the Far Eastern Economic Review. What is its impact on you and how were your rights violated? After i read this article i immediately search the name jose antonio costudio at google and i cant find any background of his. That must be a conspiracy, surely. Marcos himself of course is also officially the Agriculture secretary. Bakit ginawang problema ang foreign funding? A number of his claims have been fact-checked by multiple organizations. DUI, based on PNP data available to the public, is obviously a subset of total murders. These four, he says, are Vera Files, Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, Rappler, and MindaNews. The humility he exuded even when he was president of the countrys flag carrier and vice chairman of the University of the East still emanates from Transportation Secretary Jaime Jimmy J. Bautista, even as he occupies a very important Cabinet post. Mr Tiglaos arguments are based not only on make-believe, they are also based on mind-boggling ignorance. The partial unofficial tally of the National Citizen's Movement for Free Elections or Namfrel, on the other hand, had Aquino winning by half a millionvotes. Eventually, he became president of the Foreign. Has expanded EDCA provoked China to advance date of Taiwan invasion? Railway passengers can save up on their commutecome Monday, with the Light Rail Transit-Line 2 and the Metro Rail Transit-Line 3 both announcing free rides for workers and employees in lieu of the International Workers' Day. [21] In 2002, he became a fellow for the Center for Southeast Asia Studies at Kyoto University. The book is available at the National Book Store and Popular Book Store. Facebook has temporarily suspended the account of former Presidential Spokesman Rigoberto Tiglao. The book is available at the National Book Store and Popular Book Store. With this message, please allow me to introduce myself. More Buying Choices $7.00 (17 used & new offers) Kindle. Last April 13 he wrote a concise article titled The Need for a New US Foreign Policy (at https://bit.ly/3oSNqrm) that has become viral, reprinted in more than a dozen publications around the world. Please abide by Rappler's commenting guidelines. Relative hereto, I would like to respectfully ask for a regular copy of your column to be sent to my email add to be able to keep me informed and updated which may be of help to me personally and professionally. (READ MORE: Debunking lies about Rappler), FACT 1. This, I was told, has not yet been done, as the CEZAs leadership has been in confusion after its chief executive officer, Raul Lambino, was asked to step down in July 2022. This is what the Constitution states: Article XVI, Section 11: The ownership and management of mass media shall be limited to citizens of the Philippines, or to corporations, cooperatives or associations, wholly-owned and managed by such citizens.. QUITE surprisingly, given the 36 years his family had been demonized by the media, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Decline of religion, Catholicism in the Philippines, Duterte: EDCA camps are US 'platforms for war,' Chinese missiles' targets, US asked for, DND, AFP OK'd, Cagayan airport as EDCA site. Coca-Cola Foundation Philippines, Inc., 4. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. In 1992, he was named one of The Outstanding Young Men of the Philippines for Print Journalism by the Philippine Jaycees. HONESTLY, Ive become confused as nine months into the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Jr. four crucial departments actually do not have secretaries, but mere OICs. At the stroke of midnight tonight, India will replace China as the worlds most populous nation. Edgar Jopson He became president of the Foreign Correspondents Association of the Philippines (FOCAP) from 1997 to 1998. Tiglao gave an overview of Salims hold on Philippine economy: Salim through First Pacific now controls and most owns the biggest conglomerate of public utility companies in the Philippines. Pardon me if my column this week is a bit personal, because its subject is my mother Emilia, who will turn 95 next week, against all odds and through the grace of the One she prays to every night and every morning, 'For all workers': LRT-2, MRT-3 to give free rides to adults on Labor Day 2023, Railway passengers can save up on their commutecome Monday, with the Light Rail Transit-Line 2 and the Metro Rail Transit-Line 3 both announcing free rides for workers and employees in lieu of the Internationalr, 'Bold 'yan ah? Best Economic Journalist for Asia, 1991 by the Mitsubishi Corp. Foundation. The first time that the PNP used deaths under investigation (DUI) was after the government came under attack for the killings in its war on drugs in the 2nd half of 2016. Citing Enrile's own biography as well as articles written by RAM colonels since 1986, Tiglao traced how the coup plotters learned that their plan has already been uncovered when then Trade Minister Roberto Ongpin complained about the arrest of his military security detailall RAM memberson Feb. 22. Image by author using Google Earth Pro THE Philippine Coast Guard's (PCG) failed attempt last week to enter Ayungin Shoal also claimed by China which effectively. Cuisia said that Campbell himself also called del Rosario in Manila to inform him of the same thing. VERA This resulted in our loss two months later of Panatag Shoal (also called Bajo de Masinloc and Scarborough Shoal) to China. There are no comments yet. $9.99 . What the ex-journalist and Arroyo apologist Tiglao should have done was to verify this claim and do his own legwork or, if he cant, research his way through Google. Thank you Mr. Tiglao for this explicit information! The book benefits from Tiglaos experience as journalist (Business Day and Far Eastern Economic Review) as he pierced through the corporate layers to see who is really behind what we think is Manuel V. Pangilinans expanding empire. Tiglao, as expected, made his own analysis based on wrong information and through biased eyes. It is very likely that if included are his other salaries in PLDT, Meralco, MPIC and at least a dozen other First Pacific subsidiaries, Pangilinan is the highest paid executive in the country making roughly P1.5 million for each of his working day., Tiglao, who is now a columnist of The Manila Times (he also used to write a column in The Philippine Daily Inquirer), ends every chapter of his book with the question, What kind of country have we become?. Fourth, Tiglao pointed out in his book that under both the 1935 and 1973 Constitution, Aquino was not qualified to run for president in the snap elections. Such funds can be very ephemeral, addressing fleeting short-term political issues. Sir Tiglao, Just finished reading your book Colossal Deception. Replacing him was Jaime Escao, a CEZA director. In the "Consolidation of the Dictatorship" essay, Tiglao argued that the "debt-driven growth path" of the Marcos regime offered a period of "relative economic prosperity," but also "led to the worst Philippine recession and contributed eventually to the regime's downfall." This page is not available in other languages. You can say what you want about Tiglao, but he is, foremost, a journalist, and journalists, regardless of political color or biases, hold facts sacred above all else. United Nations Population Fund, 5. Senior vice president and Editor-in-Chief of Inq7.net (now inquirer.net, the website of the Philippine Daily Inquirer), September 2000 March 2002. [16] In 1991, he was awarded Best Economic Journalist for Asia by Mitsubishi Foundation. Its question that many of us are asking. Image by author using Google Earth Pro, To PCG: Dont make media cannon fodder in PH-China disputes, How a US diplomat fooled Aquino and del Rosario into losing Panatag Shoal, The true story of how we lost Panatag Shoal, Vassals cant make requests to the Emperor, EDCA gives US two international airports to use for war with China. Manila Timescolumnist Rigoberto Tiglao accused Rappler of publishing wrong data on thenumber of Filipinos killed in the Philippine National Polices (PNP) war on drugs. 2021 Manila Standard - Designed and Developed by Neitiviti Studios. How a US diplomat fooled Aquino and del Rosario into losing Panatag Shoal, The true story of how we lost Panatag Shoal, Vassals can't make requests to the Emperor, EDCA gives US two international airports to use for war with China. He was a ranking member of Communist Party of the Philippines. But that meeting was on April 5: Could Chinese leaders have met and decided to order the PLA to undertake a military exercise involving long-range rocket artillery, naval destroyers, missile boats, air force fighters, bombers, jammers and refuellers in just two days time? The Malacaang Chief of Staff,[1] named after Malacaang Palace, the official residence of the president of the Philippines, also referred to as the "presidential chief of staff," was an official position under the Office of the President of the Philippines. Files. The PNP has never used DUIs in the past to classify deaths related to all crimes. Thank you Sir! Not only that, Vera Files also published a Tagalog version of the fact sheet ten days later on May 21, 2019. At best, political forces belonging to the winning side would deliberately hide the truths to keep the myths surrounding a successful revolution alive. Old wounds need time to heal. Did Ressas Indonesian blood evaporate into thin air? Other infrastructure projects awarded to Salims group by the Aquino administration are the P11 billion NLEX Harbor Link, the P7billion NLEX Citi Link, and the P12.4 billion Connector Road/Metro Expressway Link. Click HERE to Order Books! Such fears appear to be driven more by Washingtons assessments of its own military vulnerabilities than by Beijings risk-reward calculus. The nation is the most important organization a human being is a member of in this era of humanity. It also has a major mining company, Philex Mining and Exploration, with its four oil and gas exploration subsidiaries, one of which has as its area of exploration in a disputed area in the Spratly islands. For the record, the charges came a year after Vera Files made an editorial advocacy of fact-checking the false and misleading statements of public officials and figures, including those of President Rodrigo Duterte, his supporters and critics.. When investors look at the prospects for putting their money in the Philippines, they will likely see an abundance of cautionary tales. [14] He was the one who first proposed the creation of the PCIJ, writing a paper on this during his fellowship in 1988 at the Neiman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University and getting the idea after visiting the Center for Investigative Reporting in California. Either way, his accusations make for nice clickbait posts patronized by social media misinformation trolls. Just curious: is Roberto Tiglao, the pro-Duterte and anti-communist columnist from Manila Times the same Roberto Tiglao who was a member of the left-wing Kabataang Makabayan in the 70s? I hope your issue on the VPa video to the UN is right and has a legal basis to be told shes just lying. Arroyo as the Philippine Ambassador to Greece and Cyprus from 2006 to 2010. I am one of your readers in your column Banat of Bulgar. Of course, he might further point out that most of the words on Rappler.com are in black type, which is similar to the words that appear on The New York Times, Le Monde, El Pais, Nikkei, and other websites. This, the veteran journalist said, was confirmed by US documents that Sawyer Miller submitted in compliance with the Foreign Agents Registration Act. ButTiglaois out to get Rappler. Both previous constitutions specified that a president must be a resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years immediately preceding the election. Aquino, however, left the Philippines in 1980 to live in Boston with her husband, the late Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. Marcos, for all his brilliant mind, did not raise this legal objection to Aquino's presidential bid. . Limited stocks! Im an Associate Professor of Political Science at the National University of Singapore. Follow Rigoberto D. Tiglao and explore their bibliography from Amazon.com's Rigoberto D. Tiglao Author Page. I have done some research on the topic, but have lots more to learn. Citing Enrile's own biography as well as articles written by RAM colonels since 1986, Tiglao traced how the coup plotters learned that their plan has already been uncovered when then Trade Minister Roberto Ongpin complained about the arrest of his military security detailall RAM memberson Feb. 22. He then served as business editor and columnist at the Manila Chronicle from 1986 to 1989. He writes a regular column for the Philippine Daily Inquirer. But isn't it that whoever wins also gets to define such concepts, including the kind of narratives they think the public should know while suppressing the truth or factual events, in a bid to deodorize and legitimize their political victory. The National Endowment for Democracy (NED) for Vera Files Fact Check, and 15. Enrile and his loyal military officials, collectively known as the Reform the Armed Forces Movement, were preparing for a coup attempt that involved capturing the late President Ferdinand Marcos and his family. How can it be a campaigner for Robredo without betraying its journalistic advocacy? The answer is No. As a reporter covering Virata in the early 1980s, I asked in a press conference why he wasn't protesting human rights abuses when he was supposedly the Prime Minister, the second most powerful man in the country at that time. He provided part of the answer: Salim has even the gall to go into media, an industry in which the Philippine Constitution bans a single foreign-owned share. However, one of the four additional EDCA locations is an entirely civilian facility: the airport in Lal-lo in Cagayan province, officially called the Cagayan North International Airport (CNIA). During the start of the Benigno Aquino III administration, Overseas Filipino Workers staged a protest in front of the Philippine Embassy in Athens, Greece to demand his removal due to accusations by them of "dismal performance and a lavish lifestyle". Many believe he would have won the Nobel Prize for economics long ago if not for his criticism of US foreign and economic policies. A WATERSHED has occurred in my generation: religion is now on a steep decline, especially Catholicism whose culture and worldview have dominated this country since the Spanish . [22], Since the early 2010s, there have been incidents where assertions by Tiglao have generated controversy, have been refuted, and some fact-checked. [10] He and his wife remained in detention for two years and were then let out on house arrest. As per his education, Rigoberto graduated from the University of the Philippines with a bachelor's degree in philosophy. Order now the newly released Debacle Book! On the outdated, debunked claims about Omidyar Network and the Ukraine, read Omidyar Networks response. Writing for his Manila Times column this March 25, 2022, Tiglao charges that four independent media organizations are funded by U.S. bankrollers and are campaigning for Vice President Leni Robredo. by Rigoberto D. Tiglao | Jan 19, 2017. al, eds. Why is it important to subscribe? Fellow, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Japan, May to Oct. 2002, Fellow, Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University, 1988-1989, Ten Outstanding Young Men for Print Journalism, 1992 by the Philippine Jaycees. Now he says she is Filipino-American. The Dilemmas of Economic Policymaking in a People-Power State, in Timberman, David, ed., The Economy: Restoration and Global Incorporation i. Internews Earth Journalism Network for the project Earth Files, 12. Thats make me wonder who was this man really is??? Debacle: The Aquino regime's Scarborough fiasco and the South China Sea arbitration deception. For unknown reasons, however, Escao stepped down in January leaving an officer in charge, Joseph Tan, to head the CEZA. this column are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of FACT 4. And thats the only explanation for his series of fake news about us. You mentioned that you are a political prisoner. THEREs certainly a basis to believe so. One of the most obvious howlers is Mr Tiglao's jaw-dropping statement that Russia. Its two huge public-utility firms are Manila Electric Co. (Meralco) which has monopoly of power distribution in Metropolitan Manila and six adjacent provinces, and Maynilad Water, the water-distribution monopoly for the western part of the Metropolis. The Indonesian is Anthoni Salim a name that most Filipinos have not heard of. *no need to check the website for updates; get them delivered to your email. Its long been planned and considered and now its finally coming into fruition. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Let us privilege readers with the answers to Tiglaos never-ending tirades that riddle his mind, even if these have been repeatedly debunked. . The same strategic message continues to divide the country. Sir,I was able to read your article about the reason why the Maute group needs to be crushed.I admire the way you wrote and the information that you share. Its a puzzle Tiglao does not know this. Is this during Martial Law era? Hoping for your favorable response,Sir. The links to these replies of Vera Files are accessible in this article. The SEC requires mandatory disclosures, and lists several categories for foreign funding as options: public officer of a foreign government, foreign government, private institution/business/company outside the Philippines, international organizations, World Bank, and other United Nations agencies. WHILE US generals have been quoted claiming they believe so, and in the near future (2025 or 2027), take those with a ton of salt, they may just be toeing the Pentagons propaganda line for increased budgets to fund more sophisticated weapons, or worse, they are engaging in wishful thinking. Rigoberto D. Tiglao is a veteran political and business reporter, and the only journalist to be awarded all four of the most prestigious awards for Philippine journalists: the Catholic Mass Media Awards for Best News Reporter in 1983; the Ten Most Outstanding Young Men for 1992 (for Print Journalism); Nieman Foundation Fellow For Journalism at Harvard University (1988); and, the Best Economic . But there are facts now indisputable that we didn't know, or were hidden from public knowledge, during the February 1986 People Power Revolt and even three decades later. There are no comments yet. Its 26 percent shares in PLDT make it the controlling stockholder in the country of the biggest telecommunications firm that has 70 percent of the telecom market. An interview with Sachs on his article by the respected news program Democracy Now! and he served as the PCIJ's treasurer in its earliest days, when it operated out of the PhP 1,000 chipped in by each of the founding members, and initial grants from The Asia Foundation and the Ford Foundation. He was convicted as one of the conspirators in Aquino's assassination and had served nearly 30 years in jail for the crime. Dubbed the United Sharp Sword, Chinese state media said it involves encirclement of the island by its navy and air force. Rigoberto Tiglao - April 26, 2023 14 mins read How a US diplomat fooled Aquino and del Rosario into losing Panatag Shoal Last of 2 parts THE first part of how the country lost Panatag Shoal (Bajo de Masinloc, Scarborough Shoal, Huangyan to the Chinese ) in 2016 was the subject of my column last Monday, April 24. Annoyed by the restriction, he has accused the "yellows" of controlling the social media giant. Perhaps, Tiglao said, it was because he was confident that Benigno's widow could not possibly win the snap polls. These facts have been diabolically concealed by the US and Philippine Defense departments announcements that two of the agreed locations under EDCA were the Benito Ebuen Air Base in Mactan and the Antonio Bautista Air Base in Puerto Princesa. Sachs qualifications for his view of geopolitics today are impeccable. The term DUI was the PNPs way of categorizing deaths in the war on drugs that police officials could not explain because they were outside legitimate police operations.. Sign in to listen to groundbreaking journalism. Upgrade to Rappler+ for exclusive content and unlimited access. Sign up now! The Commission on Elections called the vote in Marcos' favor with a margin of at least 1.5-million votes. Under the Administration of Presidents Estrada and Arroyo, the Office of the Presidential Chief of Staff held the schedule of the President in coordination with the Cabinet officer for presidential engagements, as well as supervise the President's activities and engagements. Robredo had already addressed this rumor as false in an interview with, Tiglao has repeatedly made the claim that receiving foreign grants and funds by Philippine media organizations is illegal and against the, In April 2019, Tiglao stated that he was "100% certain" that Senator Antonio Trillanes and journalist Ellen Tordesillas were behind the, In December 2021, Tiglao claimed that former Philippine Foreign Affairs Secretary, In January 2022, Tiglao called for the purging of what he called "red reporters" and, This page was last edited on 19 April 2023, at 07:14. In tone and content, the online edition mirrors the editorial thrust of the newspaper. Rigoberto Tiglao Used to head the Manila-Rizal chapter of the Communist Party of the Philippines, became a business writer and later joined the administration of former President Arroyo as press secretary and as ambassador to Greece. There is little evidence that Chinese leaders see a closing window for action. On top of that, two other airports one facing the disputed Spratlys and another looking toward Taiwan will practically be solely for the US military to use. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgMPIhBLp1I. He had a tremendous amount of journalism since his youth. Reporters sans Frontires for Media Ownership Monitor: Who Owns the Media in the Philippines, 10. I admire all information that you share which I believe they are well researched. It screens donors, contributors and grantors carefully and does not accept funding that will compromise its independence and nonpartisanship.. Prominent among these is the Defense department which only has an OIC/senior undersecretary. Quite anomalously, I think, an OIC/undersecretary will sign the EDCA documents that puts on the line the lives of 110 million Filipinos if nuclear war breaks out between the US and China. Already have Rappler+? Tiglao presents five facts whose absenceintentionally hidden from the public or otherwisehave shaped the way Filipinos have come to perceive or appreciate EDSA 1.

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